Vermiculite (Vermiculite) - vermiculite  important material for stone coated steel roof(Mg, Ca) 0.3-0.45 (H2O) n {(Mg, Fe3, Al) 3 [(Si, Al) 4O12] (OH) 2} The name of the vermiculite mineral comes from Latin, with a "worm-like" "worm-shaped track" means. Vermiculite is suddenly heated to 200 to 300 ℃ after the crystal along its c-axis produce worm-like flaking, which it received its name. Vermiculite is a layered structure of the magnesium aluminum silicate secondary water metamorphic minerals, ore shape like mica, usually black (K) mica by hydrothermal alteration or weathering is made, because heat dehydration expansion when the deflection was like, shape resembles the leech, so called vermiculite. Vermiculite is a mineral and montmorillonite clay similar for the layered structure of the silicate. Generally biotite by hydrothermal alteration or weathering become. It sometimes looks like coarse biotite appear (this is the illusion of vermiculite biotite), sometimes too subtle a soil-like. The vermiculite heated to 300 ℃, it can expand 20-fold and bend. This time, a bit like vermiculite leech (Hirudo leech commonly known), so it has such a name. Vermiculite is generally brown, yellow, dark green, like oil sheen. Heated they become gray. Vermiculite can be used as building materials, adsorbent, fire insulation materials, machinery lubricants, soil conditioner and so on. Leech Shijie Shao: First, the nature and structure of vermiculite vermiculite chemical formula Mg x (H 2 O) {Mg 3-x [AlSiO 3 O 10] (OH) 2}, is a magnesium aluminum-silicon water salts of secondary metamorphic minerals, like mica shape, usually black (K) mica by hydrothermal alteration or weathering is made when the expansion of water loss was because of the heat deflection shape, shape resembles the leech, so called vermiculite. Vermiculite is the chemical formula (Mg, Ca) 0.7 (Mg, Fe, Al) 6.0 [(Al, Si) 8.0] (OH4.8H2O). Common chemical formula (Mg2.36Fe0.48Al0.16) (Si2.72Al1.28O10 (OH) 2) (Mg0.32 (H2O) 4.32) by stage of vermiculite into vermiculite and expanded vermiculite, by color vermiculite can be divided into gold, silver and white vermiculite, white vermiculite. Vermiculite to be divided according to the manufacturers product Lingshou stone mining and processing plant a hundred letters vermiculite vermiculite plant Bok, Xinjiang, Xinjiang Yili vermiculite insulation factory was the largest Zhenhai plant production base. Vermiculite calcined at high temperatures the rapid expansion of its volume can be 6-20 times, after accounting for inflation 60-180kg/m3, with strong thermal insulation properties. Vermiculite picture
Vermiculite is used for: the main purpose applications
Lightweight aggregate lightweight concrete building materials, light wall, powder, light mortar
Fire resistant materials wall materials, fireproof board, fireproof mortar, bricks
Insulation, heat insulation, sound-absorbing material underground piping, pipe insulation materials, greenhouse, indoor and tunnels built, walls and ceilings in public places
Metallurgy steel cladding material, iron, cast-coated steel frame high-rise buildings impurity materials, vermiculite bulk
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and golf course turf and landscape gardening, seed saving agents, soil conditioning agents, wetting agents, plant production, feed additives, etc.
Ocean fishing bait
Other adsorbents, filter aids, active carrier of fertilizer, sewage treatment, water oil absorption, cigarette filters, explosives density regulator
The chemical composition of vermiculite (%) SiO2 Al2 O3 Fe2O3 MgO H2O
37-43 9-175-2411-23 0.5-9
1: the expansion of vermiculite slab on the roof, you can play a very good insulating effect, so that building homes cool. With vermiculite brick brick high-rise building wall panels, can go to the sound, fire, moisture and so on, but also reduce the load floor. 2: Vermiculite is used in greenhouses, with loose soil, breathable, absorbent, temperature and other characteristics are conducive to crop growth, and can reduce fertilizer inputs. In just the rise of soilless cultivation techniques, it is essential raw materials. 3: vermiculite and mix the right amount of insulation adhesive, insulation board can be made. 4: Vermiculite is also used to present the medical and health, animal feed and other industries.
Crystal chemistry
Tetrahedral Al instead of Si film is generally 1 / 3 to 1 / 2, can be replaced with Fe3 Si. Al, Fe3 Si is produced instead of the main layer charge. Chemical formula units in the charge between 0.6 to 0.9. Layer charge compensation on the one hand instead of by the octahedral Mg in Al caused the other hand, from the interlayer cations. Interlayer cations in Mg-based, it can be Ca, Na, K, (H3O), and Rb, Cs, Li, Ba, etc. Octahedral cationic film mainly Mg, there can be Fe3, Al, Cr, Fe2, Ni, Li and so on. Interlayer water content depends on the interlayer cation hydration capacity and ambient temperature and humidity. With a higher hydration capacity of Mg, in the high temperature and humidity, the unit may contain the chemical formula 4 to 5 water molecules; and when the cation is weak hydration of Cs, can be almost free of water molecules.
Structure and morphology
Monoclinic; a0 = 0.535nm, b0 = 0.925nm, c0 = n * 1.45 nm, β = 97. 07 '; Z = 2. It is common to Mg cations between layers as the main body of the three directions of the lattice constant of vermiculite. Two octahedral vermiculite body is slightly different lattice constants. Crystal structure of 2:1 (TOT) model. Instead of tetrahedral Si by Al film layer charge arising from, resulting in exchangeable cations filling between layers and water molecules. Structure of water molecules to hydrogen bond with the surface layer of bridging oxygen linked to each other in the layer of water molecules hydrogen bonding between Youyi weak link. Part of the water molecules around the interlayer cations to form coordination octahedra to form a hydrated complex ion [Mg (H2O) 6] 2, the structure occupies a fixed position; part of the water molecules were free state. This structure features make vermiculite has a strong cation-exchange capacity. Vermiculite picture
Under normal temperature and humidity, Mg saturated vermiculite c0 is 1.436nm, with a double layer of water molecules between the layers, but the layer of water molecules is not complete. Water saturated c0 increases to 1.481nm, at this time is filled with interlayer water molecules complete layer. By slowly heating the vermiculite partial dehydration, its c0 into by the 143.6 1.382nm. To dehydration, double water molecules will be reduced to single water molecules, c0 into 1.159nm. Continue dewatering, will become fully dehydrated structure (c0 = 0.902nm) and water molecules with single-layer structure (c0 = 1.159nm) and white arrangement of the structure, c0 is 2.06nm. After it becomes fully dehydrated structure similar to talc, c0 is 0.902nm. Vermiculite heated to 500 ℃, after dehydration, can be re-placed in water at room temperature; but after heating to 700 ℃ is no longer water.
Physical and chemical properties
Often by biotite or phlogopite was false. Mostly brown, yellowish brown, golden, bronze, sometimes with green. Weaker than the mica sheen, oil sheen or pearly luster. Cleavage completely, there are thin flexible. Hardness of 1 to 1.5. The relative density of 2.4 to 2.7. The polarizing microscope: pleochroism colorless to light brown. Biaxial crystal (-), the optical axis angle is very small. Ng = 1.545 ~ 1.585, Nm = 1.540 ~ 1.580, Np = 1.525 ~ 1.560. Expansion; cation exchange and adsorption; Vermiculite also has good water absorption; sound insulation; insulation and fire resistance; resistance to freezing tolerance; expanded vermiculite of chemical stability. Insoluble in water. pH 7 ~ 8. Non-toxic, tasteless, no side effects.
Occurrence and composition
Mainly biotite and phlogopite by low-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the product. Part of the vermiculite from the biotite formed by weathering. [Identification characteristics] similar shape and biotite, but luster, cleavage level, hardness, elasticity than those of biotite flakes weak. When burning strong volume expansion of its main features.
Edit this paragraph Applications
(A) the principal purpose
Product specifications :8-12MM ,4-8MM ,2-4MM ,1-2MM ,0.3-1MM ,40-60 mesh ,60-80 mesh ,80-100 mesh, 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh, 325 mesh, etc. specifications available on request to produce. Raw vermiculite calcined at high temperatures, rapid expansion of its volume several times to several times, after volume expansion is called expanded vermiculite vermiculite, which is a layered structure, the layer containing crystal water, bulk density in the 50-200kg / m3, thermal conductivity is small, is a good insulation material. Good quality of the expanded vermiculite, the maximum temperature up to 1100 ℃. In addition, expanded vermiculite has good electrical insulation. Vermiculite is widely used in insulation materials, fireproofing material, seeding, planting flowers, trees, friction materials, sealing materials, electrical insulation materials, paint, sheet metal, paint, rubber, refractories, hard water softener, metallurgy, construction, shipbuilding, chemical and other industries. After the expansion of the vermiculite wide range of uses, but its main purpose is still to make building materials. U.S. consumption structure in 1986, as a pre-mixed mortar and concrete materials and the expansion of lightweight concrete aggregate 52% vermiculite; UK as concrete, plastering mud, cement accounted for 40% of the coagulant. The main purpose of vermiculite: Construction: Lightweight materials lightweight concrete aggregate (powder light wall, light mortar) expanded vermiculite
Heat-resistant materials, wall materials, fireproof board, fireproof mortar, insulation bricks, insulation: sound-absorbing material underground piping, pipe insulation materials, greenhouse, indoor and tunnels built, the walls and ceilings in public places metallurgy: stone coated steel roof cladding material, the system iron, foundry slag coated steel frame high-rise building materials--stone coated metal roofing tiles, vermiculite bulk agriculture, forestry, garden: gardening golf course turf, seed conservation agent, soil conditioning agents, wetting agents, plant growth, feed additives, marine capture fisheries: Erbium other fishing areas: sorbent, filter aid, the activity of chemicals and fertilizer carrier, sewage treatment, water oil absorption, cigarette filters, explosives density regulator.
(B) of different film tracks the application of vermiculite
Diameter pieces of different sizes have different uses vermiculite +20 mesh: Housing insulation equipment, household refrigeration, automotive silencers, acoustic plaster, safe and cellar lined pipes, boilers, heat retaining clothing, long-handled iron works spoon, insulating firebrick cement 20 to 40 mesh: Automotive insulation equipment, aircraft equipment, insulation, cold storage insulation equipment, bus insulation equipment, wall of water cooling towers, steel annealing, fire extinguishers, filters, cold storage 40 to 120 mesh: oil carpet, roof panels, cornices, mediated gates 120 to 270 mesh plate: wallpaper print, outdoor advertising, paint, increase the viscosity of paint, soft wood photo paper with fire card -270 mesh: gold and bronze inks, paint the outside supplements
Edit this paragraph the formation and distribution
First, the formation and origin
In the natural world in a hot solution by biotite and other minerals produced. In nature and they mix the clay soil, and can not be carved out from the clay. Vermiculite in China's Xinjiang, Russia's Kola Peninsula, Zimbabwe, Australia, South Africa and are produced in the United States. World vermiculite reserves with about 600 million tons, of which about two-thirds of China's reserves, and Russia, the other mainly in the United States and South Africa. Mainly in the United States vermiculite Montana LIBBY, reserves of about 80 million tons, accounting for U.S. vermiculite two-thirds of total reserves; South Africa about 73 million tons of total reserves, the main origin is the Palabora region, accounting for its reserves vermiculite in South Africa more than 90% of total reserves; the former Soviet Union over 20 vermiculite deposits, for which large deposits Cole Dov and Bo Daning, the estimated total reserves of about 200 million tons. Vermiculite widely distributed in China, but are located in northern China, mainly in Xinjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces; in Sichuan, Henan, Hubei and Gansu provinces are also distributed, mainly in the areas of metamorphic rock. The largest and most representative of the Xinjiang Yuli and dry Braque vermiculite quarry, and its reserves account for more than 90% of total reserves, ranking second in the world (after South Africa), long-term reserves of 100 million tons, of which No. 2 ore body has proven reserves of 14 million tons, is the world's rare large deposits, burning experimental results show that Xinjiang has expanded vermiculite high multiples, impurities and so on. In addition, Donghai County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, Hebei Province Lingshou vermiculite minerals are more abundant! Donghai County is rich in mineral vermiculite, especially vermiculite rich in Baita Town, where vermiculite is not only rich, but good quality. Now Donghai County, Lianyungang vermiculite vermiculite in the Development Group, led by Chairman Thomas all joint ventures with foreign investors, to Donghai County, vermiculite, from a small village, toward the international, as people talked about, has formed a very beautiful landscape.
Second, vermiculite mineral properties
Vermiculite is the chemical formula (Mg, Ca) 0.7 (Mg, Fe, Al) 6.0 [(Al, Si) 8.0] (OH4.8H2O). Monoclinic, often flaky. Brown, yellowish brown or bronze. Oil sheen. Hardness of 1 to 1.5. Density of 2.4 ~ 2.7g/cm3, vermiculite calcined at 800 ~ 1000 ℃, the rapid volume expansion, increased 6 to 15 times higher up to 30 times. Expanded vermiculite after an average bulk density of 100 ~ 200Kg/m3 due to expansion of the role calcined vermiculite have tiny air compartment, it has excellent insulation properties.
Edit this section expanded vermiculite
Expanded vermiculite Shijie Shao
Vermiculite is a hydrate, was massive, flaky. The interlayer water molecules at high temperature burning, the volume increased 6-15 fold. Rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, aluminum, iron, magnesium, silicate and other ingredients. Vermiculite layer charge a higher number, it has a high cation exchange capacity and a strong cation exchange adsorption capacity. Features are: light, water and fertilizer absorption performance, do not rot, can be used 3-5 years (not like humus, coconut shell suits, and other perishable). Raw vermiculite ore after roasting at high temperatures, as expanded vermiculite. Vermiculite conventional particle size specifications are 0.5-1mm ,1-3mm 2-4mm ,3-6mm ,1-6mm and so on. In addition, according to customer production needs to produce other size models. Vermiculite powder raw vermiculite ore from the high temperature roasting, screening, grinding into a powder. Main models are 20-40 mesh 40-60 mesh 60-80 mesh, 200 mesh, 325 mesh. Used: Housing insulation equipment, household refrigeration, automotive silencers, acoustic plaster, safe and cellar lined pipes, boiler protection thermal clothing, iron works of long-handled spoon, insulating firebrick cement, automotive insulation equipment, aircraft insulated equipment, insulated cold storage equipment, bus insulation equipment, wall of water cooling towers, steel annealing, fire extinguishers, filters, cold storage, linoleum, roofing panels, cornices, mediated gates board, wallpaper printing, outdoor advertising, paint, to increase the viscosity of paint, photography soft wood with a fire card stock, gold and bronze ink, paint the outside of supplements.
Agriculture
Agriculture, vermiculite used as a soil conditioner, because it has good cation exchange and adsorption, can improve soil structure, water moisture, improve soil permeability and water, so that acidic soil into neutrality soil; vermiculite can also play a buffer role in impeding the rapid changes in PH value, so that fertilizer in the crop growth medium slow release, and allow a little excessive use of fertilizers and plant no harm; vermiculite can contain to provide their own crops of K, Mg, Ca, Fe, and trace amounts of Mn, Cu, Zn and other elements. Vermiculite absorbent, and chemical composition of the cation exchange properties, it plays a fertilizer, water, water, ventilation, and multiple role of mineral fertilizers. Results show that: the 0.5-1% of the expanded vermiculite mixed with fertilizer in crop yields can increase 15-20%.
Horticulture
Horticulture, vermiculite can be used for flowers, vegetables, fruit cultivation, breeding and so on, also for producing building material like stone coated metal roofing tiles. Except for potting soil and regulators, but also for soilless cultivation. As potted plants trees and grass-roots business seedbed of nutrition for plants, transplanting and shipping in particular. Vermiculite can effectively promote the growth of plant roots and seedlings of stable development. Time necessary for plant growth to provide water and nutrients, and sunlight can maintain root temperature stability. Vermiculite can crop from the initial stage of growth you can get plenty of moisture and minerals to promote rapid plant growth and increase production.
Edit this paragraph the latest use of vermiculite
Vermiculite, is the world's lightest minerals. Raw vermiculite through 1200 degrees of heat expansion of the kiln, you become a top shape. Like so small a vermiculite inside it contains more than twelve thousand pores, the pores are each equipped with a strong moisture absorption and the role of the slow release of fragrance, because with these two conditions, we now have a combination of ten different essential oils to fragrance used in moisture ~ deodorant ~ fragrance ~ insect, etc., and can be used in the body rather God - raise gas and health care. Essential oils from plant roots stem ~ leaf ~ ~ ~ fruit and other flowers, extracted, and it has some anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial, anti-pathogen effect, can promote the cell and then in, relieve stress, make pleasant stay and so on. The vermiculite ore used to roasting - vermiculite
Vermiculite at home spice to the kitchen, toilet, bathroom, living room, room, closet, shoe racks, bookcases, inside the car, fake flowers inside the bag inside the ashtray above can be. Can replace air fresheners, humidifiers box, mothballs and other incense products or dehumidification deodorant. In addition to spices vermiculite out foul play moisture ~ ~ fragrance ~ repel mosquitoes and other effects, and sub-health on the human body has a certain secondary effects, such as lavender can play repel mosquitoes, improve sleep and other effects. Lemon can play to improve the anemia to promote cell regeneration, benefit the stomach, purify the body, help digestion effect. It can play like Lily metabolism, boost morale, help detoxification, relieve stress and other effects. Recently, spices vermiculite products jasmine, rose, sea water, sandalwood, Chanel, lavender, lemon, Issey Miyake, more than ten kinds of fragrant lilies.
Edit this paragraph vermiculite product specifications
Vermiculite product specification :0.5-1mm ,1-3mm ,2-4mm ,3-6mm ,4-8mm. Main models are 20-40 mesh 40-60 mesh 60-80 mesh, 200 mesh, 325 mesh. Entry Atlas Atlas entry for more pictures (6)
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"Vermiculite" in Chinese-English dictionary to explain (Source: Baidu Dictionary):
1. [Mining] vermiculite
edited by stone coated steel roof