Modern interpretations of traditional building stone coated metal  roof


- Analysis of the green design concept of the modern residential pitched roof

    "Roof" concept, in the narrow sense, refers to: "the top of the building outdoor covering, usually covered in the slope of the roof of thin wood, stone, or cover the top of the flat roof membrane." [1] in a broad sense, the connotation of the roof has been a great development, not the material is defined, it played the role of limited space, and the ancient Chinese language, "a house" that the "roof" means the same strain. Huo Guang in the West Du Fu, "pointed out:" Anti-yu wear to cover, excited the day King and satisfied the light. "Has obscured the hot sun, incorporating the role of the sun, of course, there is drainage of rain, to improve the ventilation and many other function.
    Pitched roof as the roof of the traditional architecture of a classification, the most widely used. Architectural forms of many traditional public buildings and the vast majority of houses are sloping roof. In China, the slope of the roof is almost synonymous with the traditional architecture, occupies a pivotal position in the traditional architecture.
    Used in Chinese and foreign construction of palaces, temples and residential building pitched roof shape, has a strong artistic appeal and shocking. Traditional pitched stone coated metal  roof  design, will make the palaces, temples and palaces to produce vigorous, upright, GAO Chong flew and elegant, unique rhythm; also make the Vernacular Architecture cordial, natural and warm feeling. In particular, is a traditional Chinese building roof, the roof of the different forms of combination, the level of scattered roof changes, as well as a variety of roof colors, the traditional architecture of the plastic arts.
    In humans into the twenty-first century, modern architectural design of the plastic arts, especially in the design of China's wide range of large residential buildings, the pitched roof architects used design techniques. Pitched roof can shape the residential building facades, proportion of single buildings or blocks of a scale suitable for residential pitched roof shape, the more we can enrich the residential skyline and the city's contour lines. At present, all over the country have emerged many single slope, dual slope, hipped peace slope combined with and so different in the form of pitched roof forms. The good news is that the localities have also emerged in many of the traditional houses in harmony, reflecting the geographical features of the residential pitched roof forms: the form of coordination such as Beijing North Lu spring district residential pitched roof form and pitched roof of the Ming and Qing residential ; pitched roof form of Shun Hing Garden District in Dalian Dalian Modern Western style houses style. Residential pitched roof design, inheritance and continuity of the local architectural context.
    However, in today's energy crisis, resources crisis, environmental crisis, the requirements of architects in the design of modern residential pitched roof, not only the shape of their art, and not only consider the simple technical problems of drainage, shade and ventilation, but Consider the deep meaning of its sustainable design. At present, due to changes in modern residential pitched roof structure and materials, especially the application of new construction techniques, the traditional pitched roof has been given a new form and function. Tilt angle of the appropriate pitched roof design, combined with the use of the pitched roof space, solar water heaters and building integrated design of pitched roof and pitched roof terrace greening design of the four aspects to the discourse, pointing out that modern residential pitched roof to save the land. cost savings, save energy and protect the environment with great potential, developers and architects should be fully excavated and application.
    An appropriate design slope roof tilt angle - to save land
    As we all know, the current construction of the total of China's residential construction accounted for 2/3, the planning and construction of residential mostly residential area, residential and residential groups in the form of good planning and design, either to make settlements spatial structure of reasonable the life of the residents comfortable, warm, but also can save the land. Suitable for application of the pitched roof house design, can play the role of land conservation. Appropriate design, the correct design of the tilt angle of the residential pitched roof. Tilt angle of residential pitched roof design of three principles. First of all, to meet the modeling needs; Secondly, in line with the provisions of civil Design Principles ", according to different categories of roofing materials from 2% to 50% of the slope of the drainage requirements;, in order to achieve the planning and design to save land The purpose of the design of residential pitched roof inclination angle.
    The third principle discussed. According to the national standard "urban residential area planning and design specification", the residential buildings in the sunshine partition different standards around where the climate and the large cities and small cities of different sizes, respectively, for the Big Chill Day ≥ 2 hours, ≥ 3 hours and the winter solstice, ≥ 1 hour. In addition, regional planning and management department, the local specific provisions, such as the Dalian region of sunshine spacing of 1.5 times the storey, planning to meet the indicators can be. If we follow the Planning Bureau, around the residential block light spacing requirements, the design of the residential SUNLIGHT, you will find residential pitched roof area, the region does not affect the light barrier spacing under the premise of additional construction area can also be said, save the land.
    Do residential pitched roof design of the tilt angle calculated in the region of sunshine spacing (with reasonable adjustments): On the one hand, local planning authorities should be based in the region of the solar elevation angle, sunshine spacing can be given the sloping roof tilt angle of the regulations. On the other hand, the architect should be based around the Planning Bureau of the provisions of the sloping roof slope requirements, design a pitched roof shape of the different styles of residential architecture. At present, some parts of the Planning Bureau already has this requirement, as we designed in Nanyang City, Henan Province, Xiangyang Jin Yu Yuan "project is designed according to the requirements of the city planning bureau requirements sloping stone coated steel roof slope is less than 36 °, tilt angle of 36 º pitched roof residential modeling, under the same conditions of land, an increase of substantial residential construction area, in other words, saving the land use planning, and residential pitched roof design and the use of space, have reached satisfactory results.
    Make full use within the pitched roof space - and cost savings
    Modern residential slope roof is a reinforced concrete floor slab is different from the traditional huts pitched roof floor slab covering space living, rather than purely structural roof trusses occupied. A variety of pitched roof living space as a real estate sales, and bring economic benefits to developers in residential construction, the economic benefits brought about cost savings are very impressive.
    Residential pitched roof space design its evolution: A few years ago, the sloping roof is a separate layer, specifically as a storage room to place the debris, is the use of the prototype of the modern residential pitched roof space. However, the slope of the roof space utilization is not high, the space is dedicated as a storage room area is too large. To make better use of the pitched roof space, follow the design is the the thermocline design, and stairs within the lower plane users connected to the two-tier design, the spatial structure and pitched roof to meet the indoor space enclosed by the effect of the premise blank, leave it blank part is not included in the area, in the living room and dining space at the following level layer for the general public activity area for family members living, hospitality of friends and family, cooking, dining, bathroom and nanny space, the top pitched roof space for a private area, master bedroom, second bedroom, study, private bathroom, master bedroom, etc. The main space, the roof can be flat and slope combined with design to ensure that the height of the interior space. Thus, by the Planning Board for approval a five-story house can be designed for six-storey residential (six-storey pitched roof layer), the slope of the roof space utilization is very good, a "sky villa". Later, the architect again the thermocline design used on the pitched roof used on the standard layer, further enriching the indoor space.
    During the pitched stone coated steel roof interior space design should be strict compliance with the relevant provisions of national standards "Residential Design Standards", in particular the pitched roof space for bedroom, living room (hall), 1/2 area of ​​the indoor height should not be less than 2.2 meters, "the specific provisions. Otherwise, use the slope of the roof area, resulting in space is low, bad, and harm the interests of the tenants. The contrary, by optimizing the residential pitched roof space, the architects can further enhance the quality of the residential, such as the slope of the roof, roof terrace design, both indoor height of the contradictions can be resolved, and provide tenants with a variety of indoor and outdoor living space, terrace Green Design (the last part of the detail).
    3 the integrated design of solar water heater with pitched roof - to save energy
    Solar water heater is the three energy conversion of solar energy: - optical conversion, optical - electrical conversion, one light - heat transfer, the technology is mature, both non-renewable energy such as coal, electricity savings, but also saves residents power bills affordable and the water heater itself, in recent years a large number of residents spontaneously purchased a home solar water heater. However, due to the solar water heater is no integration with the residential design, bringing the water heater messy placed on the roof, the specifications of different sizes, pipeline disorder, metal structures caused a lot of light reflection, and go in the flue pipe causing leaks problem. These cause a large negative impact on residential roofs and built environment, and serious damage to the visual image of the residential roof and the original design intent. Domestic and some cities in the Construction Committee had below prohibit their use, the initial stage of the residential use of solar water heaters.
    After the primary stage of insight a strong appeal to the solar water heater integrated with building design. "Integration" is the only way of solar water heater applications. "Integration" is the beginning of the architectural design will be solar water heater system contains all the essential design elements building design, skillfully various parts of the solar water heater system into the building design, making it away buildings part of the split, instead of additional components.
    At present, there are some mature approach. Case Study of Dalian, 2005 Urban Construction Committee of Dalian City, solar water heaters, building design guide used to guide the design of Dalian City, solar water heaters and building integration and installation. Integrated design of solar water heaters and pitched roof, for example, water heater with a tilt angle, tilt angle is different depending on the latitude of each region; residential pitched roof with tilt angle, although a variety of different perspectives, but solar water heaters and residential pitched roof two materials with, will produce the effect of the change of scene pitched roof. Embodied in three aspects: First, the collector inherent in dark glass texture to produce the special effects transform the actual situation. As a component of the collector on the roof, arranged in neat rows of solar water heaters can be very slow sloping roof into a normal slope, active sum added to the original roof, and has a strong sense of rhythm. Dalian great tim Park District gentle slope on the roof solar water heater arrangement, that is, successful examples. Second, the compact solar water heater (storage tank connected to the collector) and the integration of the pitched roof design. Tank and connected to the collector, the tank must be exposed above the roof can be placed solar collectors at the local floor design into a horizontal direction, and solar collector bracket fixed to the slope of the collector is designed to consistent with residential pitched roof slope or slope is slightly different, In addition, solar water heaters and residential sloping roof can be fixed. Third, the separation of solar water heaters (storage collector separately) integration with the pitched roof design, the angle of the pitched roof design in addition to meeting the requirements of the residential SUNLIGHT, but also comply with local installation of solar water heaters the desired angle. The architects need to be the point of view the integration of design. In this way, the rows of installed solar collectors will be a decorative roof; storage tanks, pipelines and other concealed installation within the sloping roof, both the use of space, good solar water heating equipment can protect against wind and rain erosion insulation, solar installations, not winter cold, frozen or damaged.
    Tube wells for the installation of solar water heater can be selected with the size of the hole finished exhaust, big hole to go water pipes, a small hole to go wire. It should be noted that the exhaust must be solar water heaters to go tube-specific, shall not be mixed with other uses.
    4, the slope of the roof combined with a terrace green design - the protection of the environment
    In recent years, due to the city to high-density, high-rise development, urban green space is less and less urban residents yearning for green space and outdoor living in comfortable and beautiful environment, eager to promote rapid development of green roofs. Roof greening, not only increase the green area per unit area within the region, to improve the visual health conditions (to avoid glare and radiant heat) and the physical properties of the building roof (insulated, impermeable, noise reduction, etc.), and the glorification of urban environment, maintain urban ecological balance plays a unique role. In addition, the green roof plants in a higher position, can play a role plants have failed to lower its role and value can not be underestimated. At the same time, the green roof is also a demand for a modern society, people psychologically.
    Residential pitched roof to the greening of design combined with terrace, a good combination of pitched roof and green roof of a collection of both advantages, both to overcome the more closed the shortcomings of the traditional pitched roof, but also within the pitched roof space to use a more reasonable legislation surface variety. Specifically, architects generally to a large level terrace to each household design in the south of the slope of the roof, breaking the closed pure single-slope roof image, so that the top floor pitched roof of households have one of the other layers of households do not have outdoor private space top-level housing will be more attractive. The design of the roof terrace broadly divided into two kinds: one is to use the new organic materials and natural light series, high-tech products such as lightweight as the roof structure, surface materials, to create a set of rest, fitness, entertainment and other functions into one like spring, full of romantic rooftop "sky garden", or closed roof terrace with light, transparent material; another is not closed design of the roof terrace, roof terrace directly exposed in the outdoors, enjoy the natural beauty. Regardless of the roof terrace, residents of public events from outdoor ground extended to the residential roof, expand the scope of activities to improve the space usage for residential construction. The design of the roof terrace, it should be noted that the node construct its junction with the pitched roof and the balcony itself, insulation, waterproofing, and other processing.
    Conclusion: in many aspects of the land, and materials, energy saving and environmental protection and sustainable residential pitched roof design bears great potential, only brief analysis part of the design method. More sustainable design elements, look forward to the further study of the people of insight to make this classic architectural elements of the traditional roof construction to continue to shine the light of the times.